Spirit of America Bookstore
U.S. & Canada World War II
Internment Camps
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short history & timeline
non-fiction books
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short history
t e x t
h e r e
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Important Dates of the World War II Internments
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L i n k s
'Japanese American Internment' topic at the U.S. National Archives website
'Internment of Japanese Americans' topic at Wikipedia
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/anseladams/
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/anseladams/aamsp.html
http://americanhistory.si.edu/ourstory/activities/internment/
http://departments.oxy.edu/library/digitalarch/web/index.htm
CY's Internment information page
Densho: The Japanese American Legacy Project [est. 1996] of Seattle, Washington
Japanese American Citizens League [est. 1929]
Japanese American Citizens League Annual Convention [#51 = June 2020 in Las Vegas, Nevada]
list of J.A.C.L. districts & chapters
New York State chapter of Japanese American Citizens League
San Diego [CA] chapter [est. 1932] of Japanese American Citizens League
A Few Important People
Fred Korematsu [1919-2005] challenged the legality of Roosevelt's Executive Order 9066; he lost that case and was sentenced
to five years probation, but was vindicated forty years later. He was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by Bill Clinton in 1998.
Fred T. Korematsu Institute for Civil Rights and Education [est. 2009] • Fred Korematsu Day
IMDb listing •
Fred Korematsu entry at Wikipedia
 |  | "Civil Wrongs and Rights: The Fred Korematsu Story" [Pushtan Prodns July 2000] Written & directed by Eric Paul Fournier; featuring Fred Korematsu, Rosa Parks, Bill Clinton; won 2 News & Documentary Emmy Awards Docurama color DVD [3/2007] out of prodn/SOLD OUT! credits at IMDb • official movie website watch official TV promo [0:20] online at YouTube |
Franklin D. Roosevelt [1882-1945]
"I spent my boyhood behind the barbed wire fences of American internment camps "Yes, I remember the barbed wire and the guard towers and the machine guns, but they became part "But when we came out of camp, that's when I first realized that being in camp, — actor George Takei [b. 1937]
and that part of my life is something that I wanted to share with more people."
of my normal landscape. What would be abnormal in normal times became my normality in camp."
that being Japanese-American, was something shameful."
 | "Oh Myyy!: There Goes The Internet" [2013] by George Takei Kindle Edition from Amazon Digital Services [12/2013] for $6.99 Oh Myyy! LLC 7¾x5 pb [4/2013] for $9.99 |
George Takei's TED Talk at TED Kyoto in June 2014 [15:58]
OpEd by George Takei 18 Nov 2016: "They interned my family. Don’t let them do it to Muslims."
 | "They Called Us Enemy" graphic memoir [2019] by George Takei, Illustrated by Harmony Becker, Edited by Steven Scott & Justin Eisinger Kindle Edition from Top Shelf Prodns [7/2019] for $9.99 Top Shelf Prodns 9x6½ pb [7/2019] for $11.59 |
Non-Fiction Books - General
  | "America's Concentration Camps" [1967] by Allan R. Bosworth Cover text: "110,000 Americans imprisoned behind barbed wire in the United States. How did it happen? Why? Here is the complete shocking true story." W.W. Norton & Co. pb [2/67] out of print/used W.W. Norton & Co. 9x6½ hardcover [2/67] out of print/40+ used W.W. Norton & Co. 9x6½ hardcover [2/67] out of print/used |
  | "Concentration Camps USA: Japanese Americans and World War II" [1971] by Roger Daniels Holt, Rinehart & Winston 9x6 pb [2/80] out of print/many used Holt, Rinehart & Winston 8¾x5¾ pb [1971] out of print/used Henry Holt & Co. 9x5¾ hardcover [5/72] out of print/used |
  | "Personal Justice Denied, The Report of The Commission On Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians" [1982-83] A thorough account of the relocation; originally published as 2-volume set in 1982 and 1983; the 1997 edition has a Foreword by Tetsuden Kashima Univ Washington Press 9x6 pb [2/97] for $27.05 |
 | "And Justice for All: An Oral History of The Japanese-American Detention Camps" [1984] by John Tateishi, Foreword by Roger Daniels Author presents the history of thirty internees, in their own words. Univ Washington Press 9x6 pb [3/99] for $25.00 Univ Washington Press 9¼x6 library hardcover [6/2008] for $28.95 Random House 9¼x6¼ hardcover [1984] out of print/50+ used |
 | "Behind Barbed Wire: German Prisoner of War Camps In Minnesota During World War II" [1998] by Anita Albrecht Buck North Star Press of St. Cloud 8¾x5¾ pb [6/98] for $14.95 |
 | "UnCivil Liberties: Italian Americans Under Siege During World War II" [rev 2000, orig 1990] by Stephen Fox Universal Publrs 8¼x5½ pb [2/2000] for $29.95 |
 | "Encyclopedia of Prisoners of War and Internment" [2000] Edited by Jonathan F. Vance The first edition has almost 300 signed entries, with scattered illustrations; second edition has 350 signed entries, more illustrations, plus 10-page bibliography and 16 pages of color maps. 734-page Grey House Publng 2nd edition hardcover [4/2006] for $147.25 {sic} 408-page ABC-Clio 10¼x7¼ library hardcover [9/2000] for $7.03 {sic} |
 | "Behind Barbed Wire: The Story of Japanese-American Internment During World War II" [age 4-8; 2002] by Lila Perl Benchmark Books 9¾x8½ library hardcover [9/2002] for $37.07 |
 | "Guests Behind The Barbed Wire: German POWs In America - A True Story of Hope & Friendship" [2007] by Ruth Beaumont Cook
Crane Hill Publrs 7½x5¼ hardcover [4/2007] out of print/used |
 | "Encyclopedia of Japanese American Internment" [2013] Edited by Gary Y. Okihiro Greenwood 10x7¼ hardcover [6/2013] for $84.48 |
 | "Imprisoned: The Betrayal of Japanese Americans During World War II" [ages 10 & up; 2013] by Martin W. Sandler Walker Childrens 10½x8½ hardcover [8/2013] for $16.55 Walker Childrens 10½x8½ library hardcover [8/2013] for $21.50 |
 | "Nebraska P.O.W. Camps: A History of World War II Prisoners In The Heartland" [2014] by Melissa Amateis Marsh Kindle Edition from History Press [4/2014] for $9.99 History Press 9X6 pb [4/2014] for $16.57 |
 | "Personal Justice Denied: The Rest of The 9066 Story" for Kindle [2015] by Jim Cain Author examines the 1982 C.W.R.I.C. report and other documents and takes the minority view that World War II internees in America were treated just fine, including the many who went to East Coast colleges at taxpayer expense. Kindle Edition from Amazon Digital Services [2/2015] for $6.99 |
 | "Infamy: The Shocking Story of The Japanese-American Internment In World War II" [2015] by {journalist} Richard Reeves
Kindle Edition from Henry Holt/Macmillan [4/2015] for $16.99 Picador 8¼x5½ pb [4/2016] for $12.23 Henry Holt & Co. 9½x6½ hardcover [4/2015] for $23.65 |
 | "American Sutra: A Story of Faith and Freedom in the Second World War" [2019]  by Duncan Ryüken Williams The little-known story of how, in one of our country’s darkest hours, Japanese-Americans fought to defend their Buddhist faith and preserve religious freedom Kindle Edition from Harvard University Press [2/2019] for $23.91 {sic} Harvard Belknap Press 9½x6 hardcover [2/2019] for $24.17 |
http://www.amazon.com/Achieving-Impossible-Dream-AMERICANS-Experience/dp/0252067649/
http://www.amazon.com/Amache-Japanese-Internment-Colorado-during/dp/1589790383/
http://www.amazon.com/American-History-Ink-Internment-Americans/dp/0078780306/
http://www.amazon.com/American-Inquisition-Japanese-Disloyalty-World/dp/0807831735/
http://www.amazon.com/Americas-Concentration-Japanese-American-Internment/dp/1889431583/
http://www.amazon.com/Anniversary-Commemorative-Flying-Column-1945-1995/dp/0964515008/
http://www.amazon.com/Artifacts-Loss-Crafting-Survival-Concentration/dp/0813544084/
http://www.amazon.com/At-Issue-History-Internment-hardcover/dp/0737708212/
http://www.amazon.com/Being-Japanese-American-Sourcebook-Friends/dp/188065685X/
http://www.amazon.com/Buried-Past-Annotated-Bibliography-Collection/dp/0934052298/
http://www.amazon.com/Camp-Days-1942-1945-Japanese-Internment/dp/B003IA5CPM/
http://www.amazon.com/Camp-Harmony-Japanese-Internment-Experience/dp/0252076729/
http://www.amazon.com/Camp-Narratives-Internment-Exclusion/dp/1847183980/
http://www.amazon.com/City-Without-Women-Chronicle-Internment/dp/0889625301/
http://www.amazon.com/Concentration-Camps-Home-Front-Americans/dp/0226354768/
http://www.amazon.com/Curious-Cage-Japanese-Internment-1943-1945/dp/1550391240/
http://www.amazon.com/Defense-Internment-Racial-Profiling-Terror/dp/0895260514/
http://www.amazon.com/Democratizing-Enemy-Japanese-American-Internment/dp/0691009457/
http://www.amazon.com/Enemies-World-War-Alien-Internment/dp/0803228066/
http://www.amazon.com/Enemy-Among-Us-Missouri-During/dp/1883982499/
http://www.amazon.com/Enemy-Subject-No-20-Internment-Biography/dp/0750909587/
http://www.amazon.com/Executive-Order-9066-Internment-Americans/dp/0934052190/
http://www.amazon.com/Fear-Itself-Inside-Roundup-Americans/dp/0595351689/
http://www.amazon.com/Fighting-Honor-Japanese-Americans-World/dp/0395913756/
http://www.amazon.com/Gem-Desert-Japanese-American-Internment-Camp/dp/0595493017/
http://www.amazon.com/Heart-Mountain-Story-Photographs-Internment/dp/0967468000/
http://www.amazon.com/Historical-Memories-Japanese-American-Internment/dp/080474534X/
http://www.amazon.com/Hitlers-Soldiers-Sunshine-State-Florida/dp/0813034418/
http://www.amazon.com/How-Did-This-Happen-Here/dp/1410927016/
http://www.amazon.com/Imprisoned-Paradise-Japanese-Internee-Internment/dp/0893015504/
http://www.amazon.com/Inside-Americas-Concentration-Camps-Internment/dp/155652806X/
http://www.amazon.com/Internment-Concentration-Camps-Its-Consequences/dp/3540071237/
http://www.amazon.com/Internment-Japanese-Americans-Quest-Redress/dp/0815318669/
http://www.amazon.com/Japanese-American-Internment-Cornerstones-Freedom/dp/0531186903/
http://www.amazon.com/Japanese-American-Internment-Camps-Relocation/dp/1155894022/
http://www.amazon.com/Japanese-American-Internment-during-World/dp/031331375X/
http://www.amazon.com/Japanese-American-Internment-History-Firsthand/dp/0737704136/
http://www.amazon.com/Japanese-Americans-Formation-Transformations-Ethnic/dp/0813544335/
http://www.amazon.com/Japanese-Americans-South-Images-America/dp/073855961X/
http://www.amazon.com/Japanese-Canadian-Internment-internment-Ukrainian/dp/6130264623/
http://www.amazon.com/Japanese-Eyes-American-Heart-Learning/dp/0615733662/
http://www.amazon.com/Japanese-Eyes-American-Heart-Vol/dp/1935690310/
http://www.amazon.com/Jewel-Desert-Japanese-American-Internment/dp/0520080041/
http://www.amazon.com/Korematsu-United-States-Japanese-America-Internment/dp/0894909665/
http://www.amazon.com/Life-Japanese-American-Internment-People/dp/1560063459/
http://www.amazon.com/Lone-Star-Stalag-German-Prisoners/dp/1585445452/
http://www.amazon.com/Looking-Like-Enemy-Imprisonment-Internment/dp/0939165538/
http://www.amazon.com/McLean-POW-Camp-Internment-authorized/dp/0965967700/
http://www.amazon.com/Order-President-Internment-Japanese-Americans/dp/0674006399/
http://www.amazon.com/Prisoners-Camp-Trinidad-Colorado-1943/dp/0979046998/
http://www.amazon.com/Prisoners-Without-Trial-Japanese-Americans/dp/0809015536/
http://www.amazon.com/Remembering-Heart-Mountain-Japanese-Internment/dp/0966155610/
http://www.amazon.com/Secret-American-History-Trials-Internment/dp/1429633603/
http://www.amazon.com/Serving-Our-Country-Japanese-American/dp/0813532787/
http://www.amazon.com/Shadow-Rockies-Mountain-Internment-1915-1917/dp/0920862799/
http://www.amazon.com/Shadow-Rockies-Mountain-Internment-1915-1917/dp/B0037V993I/\
http://www.amazon.com/Show-Me-Way-Home-Incarceration/dp/1499148690/
http://www.amazon.com/Stalag-Wisconsin-Inside-Prisoner-Camps/dp/187856983X/
http://www.amazon.com/Strawberry-Days-Internment-Destroyed-Community/dp/140396792X/
http://www.amazon.com/Through-Innocent-Eyes-Internment-Schoolchildren/dp/B000PMBCYG/
http://www.amazon.com/Topaz-Moon-Chiura-Obatas-Internment/dp/1890771260/
http://www.amazon.com/Tragedy-Democracy-Japanese-Confinement-America/dp/023112922X/
http://www.amazon.com/Tragic-History-Japanese-American-Internment-Cultures/dp/076602797X/
http://www.amazon.com/Una-Storia-Segreta-Evacuation-Internment/dp/1890771406/
http://www.amazon.com/Unquiet-Nisei-History-Kunitomi-Palgrave/dp/0230600670/
http://www.amazon.com/View-Within-Japanese-Internment-1942-1945/dp/0934052212/
http://www.amazon.com/Voices-Camps-Internment-Japanese-Americans/dp/0531111792/
http://www.amazon.com/Were-Not-Enemy-Remembering-Latin-American/dp/0595393330/
http://www.amazon.com/What-Internment-Japanese-Americans-Historians/dp/0312208294/
http://www.amazon.com/What-Remains-Japanese-Americans-Internment/dp/0963855115/
http://www.amazon.com/Wild-Daisies-Sand-Canadian-Internment/dp/1896300510/
http://www.amazon.com/Within-Barbed-Wire-Fence-Biographies/dp/0887801021/
http://www.amazon.com/World-History-Internment-Diane-Yancey/dp/1590180135/
 | "The Literature of Japanese American Incarceration" [2024] Edited & Introduction by Frank Abe & Floyd Cheung Nearly seventy selections of fiction, poetry, essays, memoirs, and letters that share the story of the struggle, presented chronologically Kindle Edition from Penguin Classics [5/2024] for $14.99 Penguin Classics 7¾x5 pb [5/2024] for $17.25 'An essential new volume that collects accounts of Japanese incarceration by patriotic idealists, righteous firebrands, and downtrodden cynics alike.' "Japanese America, In The Shadow of The Camps" New Yorker Magazine book review by Hua Hsu |
Non-Fiction Books - Personal Accounts
 | "Farewell To Manzanar: A True Story of Japanese American Experience During & After The World War II Internment" [1972] by Jeanne Wakatsuki Houston & James D. Houston Laurel Leaf mass pb [3/83] for $6.99 Houghton Mifflin 8¾x6 hardcover [4/2002] for $11.25 official book site • see 1976 TV movie below |
 | "Desert Exile: The Uprooting of A Japanese American Family" [1982] by Yoshiko Uchida, new Introduction by Traise Yamamoto Kindle Edition from Univ Washington Press [10/2015] for $9.99 Univ Washington Press 8½x6¼ pb [6/82] for $14.56 Univ Washington Press 8½x6¼ hardcover [6/82] out of print/used |
 | "From Our Side of The Fence: Growing Up In America's Concentration Camps" [2001] Edited by Brian Komei Dempster Award-winning anthology of essays by eleven Japanese-Americans who were children inside six of the ten major U.S. WWII internment camps; from a San Francisco writing workshop led by the editor. Kearney Street Workshop Press 9x6 pb [4/2001] out of print/used publisher's book page |
 | "Kiyo's Story: A Japanese-American Family's Quest For The American Dream - A Memoir" [2007] by Kiyo Sato previously published as 'Dandelion Through The Crack' • book homepage on Facebook Kindle Edition from Soho Press [7/2018] for $10.99 Soho Press 8¼x5½ pb [12/2010] for $14.07 Soho Press 9x6 hardcover [4/2009] for $15.81 DTTC edition: Willow Valley Press 9x6¼ hardcover [8/2007] out of print/used |
 | "Ringo-en: My Internment At Manzanar" [2010] by Tadashi Kishi The author was born in Culver City, California and raised in nearby Santa Monica. His draft status was 1A in December 1941, but the government reclassified him to 4C {enemy alien} and relocated him and others to the camp at Manzanar. He finished his degree there and taught math & physics to the children of the camp, then served in the U.S. Army as a translator in Occupied Japan. His later career was in highly-classified mainframe computer development at Los Alamos Labs in New Mexico and at the Livermore Labs in California, which included work with A.R.P.A., the Magnetic Fusion Test Facility, and the Laser Project. This book describes the unresolved issues that he was still dealing with sixty years after release from Manzanar. Kindle Edition from Amazon Digital Services [3/2011] for $7.99 CreateSpace 9x6 pb [1/2010] out of print/used |
 | "Making Home From War: Stories of Japanese American Exile and Resettlement" [2010] Edited by Brian Komei Dempster Long-awaited sequel to the award-winning "From Our Side of The Fence" [2001]; this book ia a report from nine aging Japanese-American internees about their many difficulties after being released from America's WWII internment camps; includes 40 b&w photographs. Heyday Books 9x6 pb [11/2010] for $14.78 publisher's book page |
 | "Looking After Minidoka: An American Memoir" [2013] by Neil Nakadate Kindle Edition from Indiana Univ Press [10/2013] for $9.99 Indiana Univ Press 9x6 pb [10/2013] for $15.10 |
 | "Write To Me: Letters From Japanese American Children To The Librarian They Left Behind" [ages 4-8; 2018] by Cynthia Grady, Illustrated by Amiko Hirao Having developed strong relationships with the Japanese-American children in her San Diego, California neighborhood, a librarian asked them to write to her from the internment camps that they were being sent to in early 1942. Kindle Edition from Charlesbridge/Penguin Random House [1/2018] for $9.99 Charlesbridge 10¼x8½ hardcover [1/2018] for $12.14 |
http://www.amazon.com/Altered-Lives-Enduring-Community-Incarceration/dp/0295983809/
http://www.amazon.com/Betrayed-Trust-Deported-American-Born-Family/dp/1418426377/
http://www.amazon.com/Camp-II-Block-211-Internment/dp/0870402595/
http://www.amazon.com/Child-Prison-Japanese-Canadian-Internment-During/dp/B001NH7X04/
http://www.amazon.com/Children-Topaz-Japanese-American-Internment-Classroom/dp/0823412393/
http://www.amazon.com/Crystal-Internment-Anniversary-Reunion-Album/dp/B001RZAV0Q/
http://www.amazon.com/Dear-Miss-Breed-Joanne-Oppenheim/dp/0439569923/
http://www.amazon.com/Evacuation-Diary-Hatsuye-Egami/dp/0964804212/
http://www.amazon.com/Growing-Nisei-Generation-California-Experience/dp/025206822X/
http://www.amazon.com/Internment-Korea-Solitude-Japanese-American/dp/1439258287/
http://www.amazon.com/Last-Witnesses-Reflections-Internment-Americans/dp/1403962308/
http://www.amazon.com/Life-Behind-Barbed-Wire-Internment/dp/0824820339/
http://www.amazon.com/Looking-Like-Enemy-Imprisonment-Internment/dp/0939165538/
http://www.amazon.com/Lucky-Baseball-Japanese-American-Internment-Historical/dp/0766036553/
http://www.amazon.com/Morning-Glory-Evening-Shadow-Internment/dp/0804736537/
http://www.amazon.com/Only-What-Could-Carry-Internment/dp/1890771309/
http://www.amazon.com/Prisoners-Camp-Trinidad-Colorado-1943/dp/0979046998/
http://www.amazon.com/Remembering-Minidoka-Journal-Internment-Camp/dp/0322044995/
http://www.amazon.com/This-Country-Too-Japanese-American-Internment/dp/1424118158/
http://www.amazon.com/Wase-Time-Teens-Memoir-Internment/dp/1420856391/
"I Call To Remembrance: Toyo Suyemoto's Years of Internment" [7/2007] Edited by Susan Richardson
http://www.amazon.com/Call-Remembrance-Suyemotos-Years-Internment/dp/0813540720/
Fiction Books
 | "Journey To Topaz: A Story of The Japanese-American Evacuation" [ages 9 & up; 1971 classic] by Yoshiko Uchida Young reader fiction based on the author's experiences at the Topaz Internment Camp in Utah; 2004 edition illustrated by Donald Carrick. Heyday Books 8x5½ pb [10/2004] for $8.96 Scribner's 8x5½ hardcover [1971] out of print/many used |
 | "Journey Home" [ages 10 & up; 1978] by Yoshiko Uchida After release from a World War II internment camp, a Japanese-American family struggles to reconstruct their lives in Berkeley, California. Aladdin Books 7½x5 pb [10/92] for $5.64 Margaret K. McElderry Books 8½x5½ hardcover [9/78] out of print/used |
 | "Tule Lake: A Novel" [1979] by Edward T. Miyakawa The story of Japanese-Americans who refused to cooperate . . . CreateSpace 8½x5½ pb [7/2006] for $24.24 House By the Sea Publng pb [1979] out of print/used |
 | "Black Dragon" [1988 novel] by Kirk Mitchell A civilian homicide detective joins forces with the Manzanar internment camp's Japanese internal police chief to investigate the decapitation murder of the camp director and the suicide of an internee. Dell mass pb [10/89] out of print/used St. Martin's Press 9¼x6 hardcover [6/88] out of print/used |
 | "Snow Falling On Cedars: A Novel" [1994] by David Guterson A courtroom drama set in postwar Puget Sound of Washington State; a local journalist covers the murder trial of a high school classmate; the defendent is a Japanese-American fisherman who married the woman that the journalist still loves; made into a 1999 feature film (see below} Vintage 8¼x5 pb [9/95] for $8.25 Houghton Mifflin Harcourt 9¼x6¼ hardcover [9/94] for $16.50 |
 | "The Journal of Ben Uchida, Citizen 13559, Mirror Lake Internment Camp, California 1942" [1999] by Barry Denenberg Part of Scholastic's 'My Name Is America' fiction series; performed as a play in 2006 {see below}; the journal of a 12-year-old boy during his family's internment in California. Scholastic 7½x5½ hardcover [9/99] out of print/many used Scholastic 7¾x5½ hardcover [11/2003] out of print/used |
 | "Nothing To Regret: A Historical Novel" [2002] by Tristi Pinkston After the Pearl Harbor attack, a Japanese-American college student and his family are uprooted from California to Topaz Internment Camp in the desert of Utah. Granite Publng 9x6 pb [11/2002] out of print/used author's official website |
 | "Killer Smile" [2004] by Lisa Scottoline An all-female Philadelphia law firm takes the pro bono case of an Italian-American family seeking reparations for the internment of a relative during the hysteria of World War II; the official reports say that the man died by suicide, but facts soon suggest that he was killed at the hands of another Italian-American family. HarperTorch mass pb [6/2005] for $7.99 HarperCollins 9x6 hardcover [6/] out of print/hundreds used author's official website |
 | "Tallgrass: A Novel" [2007] by Sandra Dallas At the start of World War II, a young girl's life is turned upside-down when the government builds an internment camp near her family's farm in Colorado; when a young neighbor girl is murdered, the small town is further changed forever. St. Martin's Griffin pb [2/2008] for $10.07 St. Martin's Press 9x5½ hardcover [4/2007] for $16.29 author's official website |
 | "Desert Run: A Lena Jones Mystery" [2008] by Betty Webb
While Scottsdale, Arizona private eye Lena Jones is working security for a documentary film about a World War II P.O.W. camp and the escape of several inmates on Christmas Day 1944, someone murders the 91-year-old technical advisor, a former German U-boat commander and one of the escapees. Poisoned Pen Press 8¼x5¼ pb [2/2008] for $11.66 |
 | "Mystery At Manzanar: A WWII Internment Camp Story" graphic novel [age 9-12; 2008] by Eric Fein, Illustrated by Kurt Hartman Stone Arch Books 8x5½ pb [9/2008] for $5.95 Stone Arch Books 8½x5¾ library hardcover [9/2008] for $23.93 |
 | "Hotel On The Corner of Bitter and Sweet" [New York Times bestseller 2009] by Jamie Ford Two alternating narratives: An elderly Chinese widower in Seattle discovers a cache of memorabilia from World War II, when his 12-year-old self fell in love with a Japanese girl before she was shipped out to an internment camp with her family. Ballantine Books 8x5¼ pb [10/2009] for $10.20 Ballantine Books hardcover [1/2009] for $17.88 |
 | "Doll In The Red Kimono: A Collection of Essays" [2012] by Jan Morrill Non-fiction ebook companion to Morrill's novel, just below; over sixty essays from her blogs about family history, the challenges of writing and then of publishing – although the characters in "The Red Kimono" are fictitious, 'they are based on seeds of truth'. Kindle Edition from Amazon Digital Services [9/2012] for 99¢ {sic} |
 | "The Red Kimono: A Novel" [2013] by Jan Morrill Follows the lives of three teenagers in Berkeley, California after the attack on Pearl Harbor – one is sent to prison and the other two are sent to an internment camp in Arkansas. Univ Arkansas Press hardcover [2/2013] for $19.77 author's book blog |
 | "Japanese Roses: A Novel of The Japanese-American Internment" [2013] by Theresa Lorella The Miramoto family is torn apart by the attack at Pearl Harbor. Kimiko must survive alone inside Japan; Maggie is rounded up and sent to an internment camp; Akio and his Caucasian wife are sent to a different camp. Kindle Edition from Amazon Digital Services [11/2013] for $2.99 {sic} CreateSpace 9x6 pb [7/2013] for $9.81 |
 | "Allegiance: A Novel" [2015] by Kermit Roosevelt III A legal thriller involving an internment camp in California: two young lawyers are hired to clerk for Justice Hugo Black and assigned to investigate a case of government corruption; when one dies mysteriously, the other shifts into high gear . . . Kindle Edition from Regan Arts/Simon & Schuster Digital Sales [8/2015] for $14.99 Regan Arts 9x6 hardcover [8/2015] for $13.84 |
 | "The Diplomat's Daughter: A Novel" [2017] by Karin Tanabe Only the first part of this World War II novel takes place at an internment camp, then events move on from there. After Japan attacks Pearl Harbor, the wife and daughter of a Japanese diplomat are sent to a camp in Texas, where the girl meets a German-American who falls in love with her. Wife and daughter are returned to Japan, and the boy enlists in the U.S. Army, volunteering to fight in the Pacific. Another young man who loves the girl is confined to the Jewish ghetto in Shanghai, under rule of the Japanese. We know how the war ends, but the dramatic tension of the story derives from the unknown fates of the three young people. Kindle Edition from Washington Square Press/Simon & Schuster Digital Sales [7/2017] for $7.99 Washington Square Press 8¼x5¼ pb [7/2017] for $10.87 |
 | "Eagle & Crane: A Novel" [2018] by Suzanne Rindell Louis 'Eagle' Thorn and Harry 'Crane' Yamada grew up together, both became stunt pilots for Earl Shaw's Flying Circus, and both are attracted to Shaw's stepdaughter; then Pearl Harbor happens and Harry and his father are sent to an internment camp. After they escape the camp, one of Shaw's airplanes crashes and two burned bodies are found inside; the official conclusion is that the bodies are Harry and his father, but the local sheriff doesn't agree, especially since all involved keep lying to him . . . Kindle Edition from G.P. Putnam's Sons/Penguin [7/2018] for $13.99 G.P. Putnam's Sons 9¼x6½ hardcover [7/2018] for $22.00 |
 | "The War Outside" novel [2018] by Monica Hesse Margot and her family are uprooted from Iowa because her father spends time with Nazis and Haruko and her family are uprooted from Colorado because they are Japanese; the two teens meet in the Crystal City 'family internment camp' in Texas . . . Kindle Edition from Little, Brown BFYR [9/2018] for $9.99 Little, Brown BFYR 8½x6 hardcover [9/2018] for $12.32 |
Internment Art & Photographs
  | "Days of Waiting" documentary short [indep 1988] Artist Estelle Peck Ishigo was one of the few Caucasians to be interned with 110,000 Japanese-Americans in 1942; she refused to be separated from her Japanese-American husband and lived with him for four years behind barbed wire at Heart Mountain Camp in Wyoming. During that time she recorded the rigors and deprivations of camp life in sketches and watercolors that form a moving portrait of the lives of the internees – the struggle to keep their health, dignity, and hope alive. From the Center for Asian American Media; co-produced, written & directed by Steven Okazaki; featuring Estelle Peck Ishigo; won Oscar for Best Documentary Short and Peabody Award in 1990 Farallon Films color DVD [2000] out of prodn/SOLD OUT! credits at IMDb • movie entry at Wikipedia • official movie site watch official trailer/clip [8/2011 upload; 1:02] online at YouTube |
 | "Lone Heart Mountain: A Novel" [1972] by Estelle Peck Ishigo self-publd pb [1972] out of print/used |
 | "Minidoka Revisited: The Paintings of Roger Shimomura" [2005] by William W. Lew Univ WA Press 7¾x9 pb [12/2005] out of print/used Roger Shimomura entry at Wikipedia • Roger Shimomura official erbsite |
 | "Ansel Adams At Manzanar" [2006] by Anne Hammond Honolulu Academy of Arts pb [2006] out of print/scarce Honolulu Academy of Arts 9¼x7½ hardcover [2006] out of print/used |
 | "Impounded: Dorothea Lange and The Censored Images of Japanese American Internment" [2006] Edited by Linda Gordon & Gary Y. Okihiro
W.W. Norton 11x7 pb [2/2008] for $14.90 W.W. Norton 9¼x7¼ hardcover [11/2006] for $22.47 |
 | "Placing Memory: A Photographic Exploration of Japanese American Internment" [2008] From Charles M. Russell Center; photographs by Todd Stewart, essays by Karen Leong, Natasha Egan & John Tateishi
Univ OK Press 9x12½ hardcover [11/2008] for $26.56 |
 | "Moving Images: Photography and The Japanese American Incarceration" [2009] by Jasmine Alinder examples include works of Dorothea Lange, Ansel Adams, Manzanar camp inmate Toyo Miyatake, and artists Patrick Nagatani & Masumi Hayashi Univ IL Press 9x6 hardcover [1/2009] for $32.58 |
 | "Colors of Confinement: Rare Kodachrome Photographs of Japanese American Incarceration In World War II" [2012] by Eric L. Muller, Photographs by Bill Manbo [1908-92] 65 splendid color photographs of the Heart Mountain camp, with three scholarly essays and an essay by a fellow internee Kindle Textbook from Univ NC Press [8/2012] for $19.49 Univ NC Press 9¼x10¼ hardcover [8/2012] for $25.37 |
 | "Minidoka: An American Concentration Camp" [2013] by photographer Teresa Tamura 180 black-and-white photographs, supplemented by essays & interviews Caxton Press 9x10¾ hardcover [7/2013] for $22.30 |
http://www.amazon.com/Art-Gaman-Japanese-Internment-1942-1946/dp/1580086896/
http://www.amazon.com/Peaceful-Painter-Memoirs-Issei-Artist/dp/1890771902/
http://www.amazon.com/Elusive-Truth-Four-Photographers-Manzanar/dp/1887694242/
http://www.amazon.com/Glimpses-Forever-Foreigner-Inspired-Experiences/dp/1500156957/
http://www.amazon.com/Japanese-American-Resettlement-Through-Lens-Photographic/dp/0870819283/
Stageplays, Movies, Other Media
Wikipedia's list of documentary films about the Japanese-American internment
jump to »»»» year 2020
"Go for Broke!" feature film [M.G.M./Loew's May 1951]
 | The lieutenant assigned to lead Japanese-American soldiers of the 442nd Infantry Regiment is prejudiced (normal for the times), but the tenacity and heroism of the men gradually wins him over • Written & directed by Robert Pirosh; starring Van Johnson, Lane Nakano, George Miki, Akira Fukunaga, Ken K. Oka-moto, Henry Oyasato, Harry Hamada, Henry Nakamura, Warner Anderson, Don Haggerty, Gianna Maria Canale, Dan Riss 'and the heroes of the 442nd Combat Team'; Oscar nomination for Best Script copyrights lapsed, this film is now public domain • full credits at IMDb • movie entry at Wikipedia Alpha Video b&w DVD [3/2005] for $7.06 V.C.I. Video b&w DVD [1/2002] out of prodn/used also available on the DVD for 1987 "Beyond Barbed Wire" docufilm {see below} M.G.M./Warner b&w VHS [9/98] out of prodn/used 27"x40" red poster {as at left} from Amazon for $8.49 |
"Hell To Eternity" [Allied Artists Sept 1960]
 | True life story of Guy Gabaldon [1926-2006], a Hispanic boy raised in Los Angeles by a Japanese-American foster family. During World War II, his foster parents were sent to an internment camp, and he enlisted in the U.S. Marines. His ability to speak Japanese was useful during the bloody capture of the island of Saipan: he convinced 1,500 Japanese soldiers & civilians to surrender after their general committed suicide. Gabaldon was awarded the Navy Cross & the Congressional Medal of Honor • Directed by Phil Karlson; starring Jeffrey Hunter (as PFC Gabaldon), David Janssen, Vic Damone, Patricia Owens, Sessue Hayakawa & Miiko Taka
Warner Home Video b&w DVD [6/2007] for $15.99 Fox b&w VHS [11/91] out of prodn/used full credits at IMDb • Guy Gabaldon entry at Wikipedia novelization by Edward S. Aarons Fawcett Gold Medal mass pb [1960] out of print |
"Farewell To Manzanar" TV movie
[Universal/NBC-TV March 1976]
 | 2-hour fact-based drama about internees at the wartime internment camp at Manzanar, in the California desert; based on the 1972 book {see above} • Co-produced, co-written & directed by John Korty; co-written by Jeanne & James D. Houston; narrated by Greta Chi; starring Yuki Shimoda, Nobu McCarthy, Pat Morita, Mako, Akemi Kikumura, Clyde Kusatsu, James Saito & Momo Yashima
DVD/Blu-ray not available • full credits at IMDb • book entry at Wikipedia |
"Unfinished Business: The Japanese-American Internment Cases"
[indep March 1986]
 | After President Roosevelt ordered the internment of Japanese-, German-, and Italian-American citizens, three young men were convicted of violating the internment laws; the U.S. Supreme Court upheld their convictions, and they served jail time. Forty years later, the three filed suits to have their sentences overturned. • Hour-long documentary film co-produced, co-written & directed by Steven Okazaki; narrated by Amy Hill; featuring
defendents Gordon Hirabayashi, a Quaker college student in Washington; Fred Korematsu, a Bay Area welder; and Min Yasui, an attorney from Oregon; Oscar nomination for Best Documentary Feature
New Video Group color/b&w DVD [12/2005] for $17.99 full credits at IMDb • official movie site |
"Come See The Paradise" [Fox Dec 1990]
 | An American union organizer falls in love with a Japanese girl in pre-war Los Angeles, and they escape local prejudice by eloping to Seattle; but soon after Pearl Harbor, all Japanese on the West Coast are herded into concentration camps, and the young man is drafted • Written & directed by Alan Parker; starring Dennis Quaid, Tamlyn Tomita, Sab Shimono, Shizuko Hoshi, Colm Meaney & Becky Ann Baker
Fox widescreen color DVD [6/2006] for $12.99 Fox color VHS [3/92] out of prodn/many used Varese Sarabande soundtrack CD [12/90] out of prodn/used full credits from IMDb |
"Beyond Barbed Wire" [indep 1987]
 | 88-minute documentary film about the Japanese-American soldiers who fought heroically in Europe in the 442nd Infantry Regiment while their friends & families were confined to internment camps back in America • Written & directed by Steve Rosen; narrated by Noriyuki 'Pat' Morita V.C.I. Video color/b&w DVD [8/2001] out of prodn/used extras on the DVD include "Go For Broke!" feature film [1951] {as above}, trailers, shorts & filmmaker bios |
"Rabbit In The Moon" [P.B.S./POV July 1999]
 | An evocative, haunting work about surviving the so-called 'War Relocation Camps' that forcibly held more than 110,000 Japanese-Americans and Japanese nationals during World War II. Chizuko Omori and her sister Emiko Omori and their family were interned at the Poston Camp north of Yuma, Arizona during World War II. Fifty years later, filmmaker Emiko interviewed her sister and others about their experiences at the camps and the lasting effects in their lives • Co-produced by Chizuko Omori & Emiko Omori; written, directed & narrated by Emiko Omori; film won awards at Sundance Film Festival & Newport Intl. Film Festival, and from National Educational Media Network
indep DVD [2000] for $29.95 via Amazon third party indep VHS [2000] out of prodn/used full credits at IMDb • P.B.S. official movie site • watch official trailer [0:28] at PBS |
"Snow Falling On Cedars" [M.C.A./Universal Dec 1999]
 | Before World War II, an American boy and a Japanese girl defy prejudice in their small Washington State island community and see each other secretly; their tentative love is thwarted when her family is rounded up to an internment camp and the boy is drafted into the Army. After the war, racial tension remains high; the girl married a local fisherman in the camp, and the young veteran returns home to take over his father's newspaper • Co-written & directed by Scott Hicks; co-produced & co-written by Ronald Bass, based on the 1994 novel {see above}; starring Ethan Hawke, Youki Kudoh, Rick Yune, Max von Sydow, Sam Shepard & James Cromwell
Universal Studios widescreen color DVD [5/2000] for $13.49 Universal Studios widescreen color VHS [5/2000] out of prodn/many used 27"x40" poster {as at left} from Amazon for $8.49 full credits at IMDb • official movie site • movie entry at Wikipedia watch official trailer [1/2012 upload; 2:25] online at YouTube |
"Prisoners In Paradise" docufilm [P.B.S. March 2002]
 | During World War II, 51,000 Italian P.O.W.s were brought to internment camps located in Texas, Arizona, Wyoming, and Hawaii • a film by Camilla Calamandrei Region 1 DVD available only by license at filmmaker website be not confused by Amazon's irrelevant porn videos with similar titles color/b&w VHS [2002] out of prodn/used bare credits at IMDb • official movie website watch official trailer [upload 5/2010; 1:17] online at YouTube |
"The Good War" aka "Texas 46" [Italy May 2002, USA Nov 2004]
 | 'Based on a true story': After the Allies win World War II, an Italian P.O.W. escapes his Texas internment camp and is recaptured by the camp commander; when they return to camp, everyone else has been evacuated . . . • Filmed in Utah, USA & Bulgaria; written & directed by Giorgio Serafini; starring Roy Scheider, Luca Zingaretti, Robert Farrior, Vincent Riotta, Sue Cremin, Charles Fathy, Giampiero Judica, Luciano Miele, Mario Opinato, Asya Chakarova, Christo Jivkov, Malin Krastev, Nikolay Mutafchiev, Laura Serafini, Julian Vergov, Nick Loeb
Monarch Home Video color DVD [11/2004] for $24.98 full credits at IMDb |
 | "Citizen 13559: The Journal of Ben Uchida" stageplay [2006] Adapted by Naomi Iizuka from the book by Barry Denenberg hour-long children's stageplay first performed at Kennedy Center in Washington, DC in May 2006 stageplay info on Kennedy Center website author entry at Wikipedia |
"American Pastime" documentary film [Warner May 2007]
 | A mix of archival and newly-shot footage, of modern actors and interviews with internees reveals the harrowing isolation & loneliness of the Topaz Camp in Utah and the Manzanar Camp in California, and a solution created inside the camps: Baseball! • Co-written & directed by Desmond Nakano; starring Masatoshi Nakamura, Gary Cole, Sarah Drew, Judy Ongg, Aaron Yoo, Seth Sakai, Susanna Thompson & Leonardo Nam
Warner widescreen color DVD [5/2007] for $6.99 full credits from IMDb |
"99-nen No Ai: Japanese Americans" TV mini-series
[Tokyo Broadcasting System Nov 2010]
 | Five episodes, filmed in Japanese language; Chokichi Hiramatsu arrives in the United States from Japan in 1910; he works hard, marries Tomo, and buys a farm; they raise four children. By 1940, eldest son Ichiro turns 18 and falls in love with Shinobu, who comes to the farm to help with the work; younger brother Jiro develops a crush on Shinobu. When World War II breaks out, Chokichi is arrested and sent to a detention camp; his wife and sons and Shinobu also get sent to detention camps; daughters Shizu & Sachi are expelled to Japan. Ichiro enlists in the war and is sent to fight on the front lines in Europe; Sachi lives thru the war in Okinawa, and Shizu lives thru the atomic bombing of Hiroshima. Casting indicates wrap-up 50-60 years later • Directed by Katsuo Fukuzawa; written by Sugako Hashida; starring Tsuyoshi Kusanagi {dual role}, Ken'ichi Matsuyama, Yukie Nakama, Kiichi Nakai, Pinko Izumi, Tsunehiko Kamijo, Keiko Kishi, Kaoru Yachigusa & Ayako Imoto •
credits at IMDb
NOTE: This DVD on Amazon may be bootleg; reviewers describe the English subtitles as atrocious; also has Chinese subtitles option • all-region color DVD [2011?] 3 disks - out of prodn/scarce |
"Prisoners & Patriots: Japanese Internment In Santa Fe"
indep video [Nov 2011]
 | Filmmaker Neil H. Simon interviewed former residents of the Santa Fe internment camp, and put together a feature-length documentary, then used Kickstarter to fund distribution of his film. He has since constructed a website that redirects to wordpress; the DVD is available there • full credits at IMDb |
George Takei's TED Talk about his WWII internment experience in June 2014 at TED Kyoto [15:58]
® ®
"Allegiance: A New American Musical" [premiere Sept 2012, Broadway Nov 2015 - Feb 2016]
 | Begun based on chance meetings of George Takei and Lorenzo Thione & Jay Kuo at several plays on Broadway in New York City; Takei tried to raise $50K funding via crowd-funding, received $150K. Premiered at the Old Globe Theatre in San Diego, California in September 2012 and set box office records. The Broadway show ran 37 previews and 111 performances at the Longacre Theatre from October 2015 to February 2016. The story is framed as memories from today, and covers the relocation, the 442nd Battalion, intracamp rivalries, the racial divide, and family tensions • Produced by Lorenzo Thione; book by Lorenzo Thione, Jay Kuo & Marc Acito; music & lyrics by Jay Kuo; directed by Stafford Arima; inspired by events in the life of George Takei. Old Globe cast: starring George Takei, Lea Salonga, Telly Leung, Michael K. Lee, Allie Trimm, Paul Nakauchi, Paolo Montalban. Broadway cast included Takei, Salonga, Leung, Lee, with Sam Kimura, Katie Rose Clarke, Christòpheren Nomura, Greg Watanabe, Aaron J. Albano, Marcus Choi, Janelle Toyomi Dote, Dan Horn, Darren Lee, Rumi Oyama, Catherine Ricafort, Betsy Tanaka, Momoko Sugai, Elena Wang, Scott Watanabe
official website • stageplay entry at Wikipedia credits listing at Internet Broadway Database for 11/2015 to 2/1016 run original Broadway cast recording with George Takei & Lea Salonga [2016] Broadway Records soundtrack CD [1/2016] 26 tracks for $12.99 Broadway Records MP3 soundtrack album download [1/2016] 26 tracks for $8.99 |
"Never Give Up! Minoru Yasui and The Fight For Justice" [indep March 2017]
 | about Minoru Yasui [1916-86], the Japanese-American attorney in Oregon who initiated the earliest legal test challenging the forced removal from the West Coast and subsequent internment of over 120,000 persons of Japanese ancestry in U.S. concentration camps during World War II Co-produced & co-directed by Will Doolittle & Holly Yasui; narrated by George Takei; music by Shoji Kameda VHS/DVD/Blu-ray not available • full credits at IMDb • official movie site watch official trailer [11/2015 upload; 2:52] online at Vimeo |
"The Terror: Infamy" 2nd season [American Movie Classics Aug 2019]
 | Series second season is 10 episodes about monsters from ancient Japanese culture haunting inmates at a Western U.S. internment camp during World War II • Filmed in Hungary, Croatia, and British Columbia, Canada; developed & co-produced by Max Borenstein & Alexander Woo; co-produced by Ridley Scott & Dan Simmons; written by Kevin Howard; starring Derek Mio, Shingo Usami, Naoko Mori, George Takei {also historic consultant}, Cristina Rodlo, Miki Ishikawa, Hira Ambrosino, Alex Shimizu, Lee Shorten, Christopher Naoki Lee, Hugo Ateo, Eiji Inoue, William MacDonald, Alma Martinez, Reed Diamond, James Saito, Kiki Sukezane, Clayton Chitty, Aya Furukawa, Teach Grant, Nathan Houle, Kevin Howard, Emi Kamito, Marcus Toji, Francisco Trujillo, C. Thomas Howell, Ruben Garfias, Kai Bradbury, Robert Corness, Jesse Irving, Ryuta Kato, Peter Kawasaki, Jason Riki Kosuge, Yuki Morita, Thomas Nicholson, Kurt Ostlund, Nicolas Ouellette, Shaughnessy Redden, Mathew Yanagiya, Nicholas Dohy
DVD/Blu-ray not yet available • series credits at IMDb • official series website • series entry at Wikipedia watch 7/2019 official 2nd season trailer [1:00] online at YouTube |
New Mexico Japanese American Citizens League 
The Albuquerque Museum launched its exhibit on the experiences of Japanese-Americans in World War II which ran from June to November 2019;
a special Third Thursday evening event took place on 17 October 2019 featuring a performance of the multimedia show "Courage and Compassion"
Courage and Compassion: Our Shared Story of The Japanese American World War II Experience - June-November 2019
special Albuquerque Museum Third Thursday evening event
"Courage and Compassion" multimedia show [June 2019] by the New Mexico J.A.C.L.
watch 6/2019 full performance [1:16:16] online at YouTube
"Confinement In The Land of Enchantment" multimedia show [March 2019] by the New Mexico J.A.C.L.
watch 3/2019 full performance [1:29:12] online at YouTube
"Nisei: The Greatest Generation - Soldiers, Protesters, Prisoners" multimedia show [Feb 2018] by the New Mexico J.A.C.L.
watch 2/2018 full performance [1:17:57] online at YouTube
![New Mexico Japanese American Citizens League [est. 1947] - green logo](images2/NMjapACL-green.jpg "New Mexico Japanese American Citizens League [est. 1947] - green logo)")
"Betrayed: Surviving An American Concentration Camp"
TV special [North Shore/American Public TV May 2022]
 | 57-minute color docufilm about the illegal and immoral incarceration of Japanse-American citizens and the decades-long effects on victims & families • Co-produced & edited by Josh Banyard; exec produced & directed by Rory Banyard; written by Sarah Kass; narrated by Tamlyn Tomita; featuring Mike Ishii, detainee George Nakata, detainee Lilly Kitamodo Kodama, Clarence Moriwaki (president, Bainbridge Island Japanese American Community), camp-born Lawrence Matsuda, detainee Anna Tamura, detainee Harriet Miyasato Beleal, detainee Mary Tanaka Abo, Tom Ikeda (executive director, DENSHO), detainee Kay Sakai Nakao, filmmaker & author Frank Abe, detainee Natalie Hayashida Ong, Yonoko Hara (voice), Debbie Kashino, detainee Fujiko Tamura Gardner, detainee Paul Tomita, camp-born Karen Hirai Olen, detainee Louise Kashino, detainee Joni Teruko Kimoto, camp-born Satsuki Ina, camp-born Diana Morita Cole, detainee Kay Fukuma; with archive footage of: Frank Chin (First Day of Remembrance, Seattle), detainee Allan Hida, detainee Helen Murao, Rev. Paul Nagano (Seattle Japanese Baptist Church), Pres. Ronald Reagan, Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt, detainee Monica Sone, and Pres. Donald Trump
full credits at IMDb • DVD/Blu-ray not available watch official P.B.S. trailer [2/2024 upload; 0:40] online at YouTube watch full movie [56:49] online at P.B.S. producer's movie site • P.B.S. movie homepage |
The Camps
There were 17 'Civilian Assembly Centers' plus West Coast camps for Japanese-Americans and
there were East Coast camps for German-Americans and other camps for German & Italian POWs.
Camp Aliceville in Aliceville, Alabama housed 6,000 German POWs
Amache WWII Internment Camp [opened Fall 1942] near Granada, Colorado 
Amache Relocation Center Preservation Society [est. 1990]
February 2020 N.B.C. News article by Sarah Kuta on recent rebuilding work at Amache Camp
temporary camp at Anchorage, Alaska [circa 1943] 
located inside what is now Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson
Antelope Springs Recreation Center [1943-45?] at former C.C.C. camp in Utah
Camp Atlanta in Nebraska housed POWs
Camp Douglas in Wyoming housed 3,000 German & Italian POWs
Crystal City, Texas Alien Enemy Detention Facility [1942-48]
also known as the Family Internment Camp; housed American-born children & other family members of German, Italian, and Japanese citizens,
very often of those still overseas; is claimed to be the largest of the American internment camps, but the peak population in May 1945 was only 3,326
Crystal City, Texas entry at Wikipedia •
Crystal City Camp entry at Wikipedia
 | "The Train To Crystal City: F.D.R.'s Secret Prisoner Exchange Program and America's Only Family Internment Camp During World War II" [2015] by Jan Jarboe Russell Kindle Edition from Simon & Schuster Digital Sales [1/2015] for $14.99 Scribner pb [DUE January 2016] for $18.00 Scribner 9x6 hardcover [1/2015] for $20.26 |
Cow Creek Isolation Center [Dec 1942-Feb 1943] at former C.C.C. camp in California
Fort Bayard in Southwest New Mexico housed German POWs during WW2
Fort Lincoln in Bismarck, North Dakota
Fort Robinson in Nebraska housed POWs
Fort Sill in Oklahoma housed 700 Japanese Americans
the approximately 700 Japanese Americans interned at Fort Sill were mostly non-citizen Issei who had been arrested as spies & fifth columnists, despite a lack of evidence
supporting the charges against them; 350 of these internees were transfers from Fort Missoula, Montana; in addition, Fort Sill held three German prisoners of war.
entry at Wikipedia • official U.S. Army website • 
Fort Stanton in New Mexico housed Japanese-Americans as well as German Merchant Marine POWs
Gila River Reservation in Arizona
Griffith Park U.S. Army Internment facility [March 1942-??] in Burbank, California
held small number of 'dangerous' detaineees before transfer elsewhere
Camp Hearne [1942-46], SE of Waco, Texas housed 5,000 German POWs
Heart Mountain in Wyoming
 | "Remembering Heart Mountain: Essays On Japanese American Internment In Wyoming" [1998] Edited by Mike Mackey Endeavor/Western History Publns 9x6 pb [6/1998] for $20.85 |
 | "Heart Mountain: Life In Wyoming's Concentration Camp" [2000] by Mike Mackey Endeavor/Western History Publns 9x6 pb [4/2000] for $15.95 |
Hereford, Texas Internment Area [1942-47]
50 miles SW of Amarillo, Texas; housed 5,000 Italian POWs during World War II; 'hardcore fascist officers' were isolated from regular soldiers
in a separate higher-security section; some reports say that the officers' rations were reduced below Geneva Convention standards.
"Les Murs de Sable (Walls of Sand)" documentary TV movie [Belgium Sept 1991]
Produced by Nicole La Bouverie; written & directed by Giorgio Serafini •
bare credits at IMDb
VHS/DVD/Blu-ray not available • not the same-titled 1994 Iranian feature film on VHS at Amazon
March 2014 article in the Hereford Brand newspaper
Hot Springs, NC internment camp housed 2,200 German prisoners during World War I
Jerome Internment Camp [Oct 1942-June 1944] in Denson, Arkansas
Lordsburg U.S. Army Internment Camp [June 1942-1944?] in southwest New Mexico
held Japanese-Americans and Japanese & German POWs and U.S. Army prisoners
http://www.newmexicohistory.org/filedetails.php?fileID=453
 | Manzanar Internment Camp [June 1942-Nov 1945] in the Owens Valley desert of California Manzanar National Historic Site [est. April 2004] town entry at Wikipedia • Relocation Center entry at Wikipedia Manzanar [CA] WWII internment camp history Manzanar information website The Manzanar Committee website |
Minidoka Relocation Center in south-central Idaho
official N.P.S. website •
Minidoka camp entry at Wikipedia
Every March 30th, the city of Bainbridge Island, Washington remembers the evacuation of its Japanese citizens in 1942, who were shipped to
American internment camps per Executive Order #9066. The city's memorial [est. 2009] is a wall 276 feet long – one foot for every Japanese person who
lived here in 1942 – and is now a satellite of the National Park Service Minidoka National Historic Site in Idaho.
official N.P.S. website for Bainbridge Memorial •
Bainbridge Memorial entry at Wikipedia
| | "Minidoka: An American Concentration Camp" [2013] by photographer Teresa Tamura 180 black-and-white photographs, supplemented by essays & interviews Caxton Press 9x10¾ hardcover [7/2013] for $22.30 |
 | "Surviving Minidoka: The Legacy of WWII Japanese American Incarceration" [2013] by Russell M. Tremayne & Todd Shallat won the 2014 Idaho Book Award, won the 2014 Idaho Center for the Book 'Bookers Dozen' prize Boise State Univ hardcover [10/2013] out of print/scarce |
Mirror Lake Internment Camp, California
Poston War Relocation Center [April 1942-September 1945] in southwest Arizona
Three distinct camps near the Colorado River; peak combined population 17,814 internees
camp entry at Wikipedia •
Poston Camp Restoration blog [est. 2/2008]
 | "Passing Poston: An American Story" documentary film [indep 2008] Hour-long independent film by co-producer, writer, co-director Joe Fox and co-producer, editor, co-director James Nubile; broadcast on many P.B.S. stations Docurama color DVD [9/2008] for $16.93 full credits at IMDb • official movie site • producers' website watch 7/2008 official trailer [3:14] at YouTube |
Rohwer Internment Camp in Arkansas
Roswell Internment Camp in New Mexico housed German POWs
Santa Anita Racetrack Civilian Assembly Center [March-October 1942] in Arcadia, California
Santa Fe, New Mexico Internment Camp [1942-46] housed 4,500 men
'San Ta He' camp historical photos
http://www.newmexicohistory.org/filedetails.php?fileID=453
"Remembering: The Santa Fe Japanese Internment Camp" short video [9:25] from KNME-TV
Camp Scottsbluff in Nebraska housed POWs
Scottsdale, Arizona & Papago Park
German POWs and the great escape of Christmas Eve, 1944
Tanforan Racetrack Civilian Assembly Center [April-October 1942] in San Bruno, California
About 8,000 Japanese-Americans were housed in horse stalls before being transferred to permanent (and remote)
'relocation centers'. The site became a shopping mall in the 1960s.
Topaz Internment Center at Delta, Utah
housed over 11,000 people of Japanese ancestry from September 1942 to October 1945
official museum website •
Wikipedia
Tule Lake Segregation Center (punishment camp) [May 1942-March 1946] in Central California
Tuna Canyon U.S. Army Internment facility [March 1942-??] in Tujunga, California
held small number of immigrant Japanese & German & Italian nationals before transfer elsewhere
P.O.W. Camps in Oklahoma
The first German POWs arrived in Oklahoma in the spring of 1943 and were housed at Fort Sill, McAlester, Stringtown, Fort Reno, Alva, and Camp Gruber;
at least two dozen sub-camps were established, and temporary camps were set up in many farming areas. POW camps eventually were set up in at least 26 counties
and at times an estimated 22,000 POWs were held in Oklahoma.
February 2007 article in the Tulsa World newspaper
here on the World War II Internment Camps Page at Spirit of America Bookstore
top of page • short history & timeline • links • general non-fiction • personal accounts • fiction books
internment art • plays, movies, other media • the camps
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